Operating System

SYLLABUS

UNIT – I

Introduction: What is an Operating System, Simple Batch Systems, Multiprogrammed Batches systems, Time-Sharing Systems, Personal-computer systems, Parallel systems, Distributed Systems, Real-Time Systems

Memory Management: Background, Logical versus Physical Address space, swapping, Contiguous allocation, Paging, Segmentation

VirtualMemory: Demand Paging, Page Replacement, Page-replacement Algorithms,Performance of Demand Paging, Allocation of Frames, Thrashing, OtherConsiderations.

UNIT – II

Processes: Process Concept, Process Scheduling, Operation on Processes

CPU Scheduling: Basic Concepts, Scheduling Criteria, Scheduling Algorithms, Multiple-Processor Scheduling,

Process Synchronization:Background, The Critical-Section Problem, Synchronization Hardware, Semaphores,Classical Problems of Synchronization.

UNIT – III

Deadlocks: System Model, Deadlock Characterization, Methods for Handling Deadlocks, Deadlock Prevention, Deadlock Avoidance, Deadlock Detection, Recovery from Deadlock

DeviceManagement: Techniques for Device Management, Dedicated Devices, SharedDevices, Virtual Devices; Input or Output Devices, Storage Devices, Buffering,Secondary-Storage Structure: Disk Structure, Disk Scheduling, Disk Management,Swap-Space Management, Disk Reliability.

UNIT – IV

InformationManagement: Introduction, A Simple File System, General Model of a FileSystem, Types of File System File-System Interface: File Concept, AccessMethods, Directory Structure, Protection: Goals of protection, Domain ofprotection, Access rights, Consistency Semantics Security: Authentication,Program threats, System threats, Encryption.